Description

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ديسكشن اي تي …… Project Management

You are the project manager and need to compose an SOW for clients who want you to develop a Kickstarter.com site for their project, as discussed in the chapter.

Start off by composing an SOW using a standard SOW template that you found and downloaded from the Internet. Use Tom’s Planner ( or other free Gantt chart software to create a Gantt chart for your project. Share your Gantt chart for the project as an attachment and as an image – discuss how a Gantt chart can improve projects that you work on.

Assume that after your clients review your SOW and Gantt chart, they request that you discount the price 20%. Based on the triple constraints, discuss how you would respond?

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…. Motivation

Discuss how the Hierarchy-of-Needs theory by Maslow, Two-Factor theory by Herzberg, and Achievement Motivation theory by McClelland can be applied in the context of MNEs.

Discuss the relevance and effectiveness of these theories in motivating employees across different cultural contexts within MNEs.

Share examples of how MNEs can tailor their motivational strategies based on these theories to enhance employee engagement and performance globally.

reply 1

WIJDAN BAESHN

Accreditation in Saudi Arabia

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In Saudi Arabia, the main body responsible for accrediting healthcare facilities is the Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI). Founded in 2005, CBAHI functions under the Saudi Health Council and has become essential in enhancing healthcare quality and ensuring patient safety throughout the country.

CBAHI sets the accreditation standards and assesses healthcare facilities to confirm their adherence to these standards. Accreditation is compulsory for all healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia, highlighting its critical role in the healthcare system. The standards are thorough, encompassing various aspects of healthcare operations, such as patient safety, care quality, and organizational management.

Healthcare facilities must go through a thorough evaluation process to gain accreditation, needing to reach at least 85% compliance with CBAHI’s standards, which are categorized into eleven departments addressing different areas of healthcare services. This evaluation process promotes ongoing quality improvement and assists facilities in recognizing areas for development. (Alsaedi et al.,2023).

CBAHI’s accreditation process cultivates a culture of quality enhancement in healthcare organizations. By following the established standards, facilities improve their operational processes, patient care, and overall service delivery. The focus on patient safety within CBAHI’s standards has a direct effect on healthcare outcomes, with accredited facilities showing a commitment to reducing risks and creating safer environments for patients. Additionally, accreditation can boost operational efficiency by streamlining processes and minimizing waste, leading to better resource management and cost control. Moreover, CBAHI accreditation increases the credibility of healthcare organizations, fostering public trust, as patients are more inclined to select accredited facilities that meet rigorous quality and safety criteria.

CBAHI’s initiatives align with national health policies aimed at enhancing healthcare quality and outcomes, contributing to Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 initiative, which highlights the need for a strong healthcare system that delivers high-quality services to citizens and residents.(Babakkor & Kattan, 2023).

In conclusion, the Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI) is vital in improving the quality and safety of healthcare services in Saudi Arabia. By enforcing high standards and promoting a culture of continuous improvement, CBAHI significantly influences healthcare organizations, ultimately benefiting patients and the healthcare system at large. Its efforts not only help facilities achieve compliance but also drive enhancements that can lead to better health outcomes and increased patient satisfaction.

References:

Alsaedi, A., Sukeri, S., Yaccob, N. M., & Almazroea, A. (2023). Impact of the accreditation program of the Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions on the safety dimension of the institute of medicine quality. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 1179-1190.

Babakkor, M. A., & Kattan, W. M. (2023). Accreditation Impact on Quality of Healthcare Organization Services and Culture in a Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Health Systems Research, 3(1-4), 154-161.

reply 2

MARAM ALMUZAINI

module 13

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In Saudi Arabia, healthcare facilities are typically accredited by various national and global accreditation bodies that aim to ensure quality and safety in healthcare delivery. Some notable accreditation bodies include:

Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI): This is the national accreditation body in Saudi Arabia. CBAHI focuses on healthcare quality standards and provides accreditation to hospitals and healthcare organizations in the country.

Joint Commission International (JCI): An internationally recognized organization that provides accreditation to healthcare organizations worldwide. JCI works to improve the safety and quality of care through the development of international healthcare standards.

ISO (International Organization for Standardization): Although not specific to healthcare, ISO standards can be applied in healthcare settings, focusing on quality management systems.

International Accreditation Canada (IAC): Another international body that offers accreditation to healthcare organizations with a focus on safety and quality improvement.

Evaluation of Joint Commission International (JCI)

Overview: JCI is one of the most recognized and respected accreditation bodies in the world. It provides accreditation to healthcare organizations and programs across the globe, including those in Saudi Arabia. It focuses on enhancing patient care and safety through rigorous standards.

Impact on Healthcare Organizations:

Quality Improvement: JCI accreditation requires healthcare facilities to comply with high-quality standards, which prompts organizations to continuously improve their services and processes.

Patient Safety: The standards set by JCI emphasize patient safety, leading to reduced medical errors, better patient outcomes, and more efficient care delivery.

Global Recognition: Facilities accredited by JCI gain international recognition, which can enhance their reputation and attract patients, including international patients looking for trusted healthcare options.

Operational Efficiency: Achieving JCI accreditation often necessitates streamlining operations and improving management practices, which can lead to enhanced operational efficiency and reduced costs.

Regulatory Compliance: JCI standards often align with local regulations, helping organizations ensure compliance with national healthcare laws and regulations.

Training and Development: JCI provides resources and training for healthcare staff, contributing to the overall development of the workforce and fostering a culture of continuous learning.

Conclusion

Accreditation bodies like JCI play a crucial role in enhancing the quality and effectiveness of healthcare organizations in Saudi Arabia. By focusing on patient safety, quality improvement, and operational efficiency, these organizations not only elevate their service standards but also contribute positively to the healthcare system at large. For healthcare organizations in Saudi Arabia, pursuing JCI accreditation can bring significant benefits, ensuring they meet international standards while improving health outcomes for their patients.

refrences

Joint Commission International. (n.d.). About JCI

Joint Commission International. (2021). JCI Accreditation Standards for Hospitals (6th ed.). Joint Commission International.

Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions. (n.d.). About CBAHI. World Health Organization. (2021).

Patient safety: making health care safer. World Health Organization

reply 3

RAGHDA BAHAMDAN

Health Information System Governance

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Health Information System Governance

A health information system is a digital platform and framework which is designed to store management and collect health-related information across different platforms for individual health. The key components of health information systems include electronic health records, Hospital information systems, and health data analytics platforms. Health information systems are critical tools which are needed to improve the healthcare sector services. It is also needed to reduce the cost and ensure patient safety. The major purpose of this way is to improve the clinical outcome through real-time patient data integration. The systems enhance the decision-making for healthcare providers and policymakers. It also enables data sharing among healthcare professionals. Reduces the paperwork and administrative burden (Balgrosky, 2019).

The data governance and management for health information systems is based on the leadership framework. The leadership make the framework of working and aligns with the goals. Security and privacy are considered in the management of health information systems to protect the sensitive information of the patient. The data standards are also made in a unified format and manner. There is continuous capacity-building monitoring and evaluation to improve the performance of health information systems (Alsalman et al., 2021).

The kingdom of Saudi Arabia is making significant progress in the way of Vision 2030. Vision 2030 details the national transformation program which focuses on the key initiative in Saudi Arabia. This platform includes the services like online prescriptions virtual clinic appointments et cetera. There is also an application for booking healthcare appointments which is integrated with electronic health records. The regulatory and government body in this way is the Ministry of Health which is the central governing body overviewing all the standards. The Saudi Health Council also provide standardization in the strategy direction (Cascini & Ricciardi, 2025).

Despite all the advancements in healthcare data management and covenant, there are significant barriers in this way to ensure optimal health information system performance. There are technical barriers like lack of interoperability among the healthcare setups. There is also poor connectivity in the remote areas. The outdated hardware and software infrastructure is also a huge hurdle. There are some financial and human resource barriers for example high resistance to change insufficient training in information technology and high turnover among the staff. Financial barriers such as higher investment and lack of sterile data-sharing policies also are barriers. Data privacy security issues are also present that create concerns over patient data privacy. The unclear regulation Creates differences regarding ownership data (Alsalman et al., 2021).

To effectively govern the data in the health information system the following strategies can be used for example the technical solution adopts the interoperability standards. Moreover, the technical solution includes investing in cloud infrastructure and a backup system. The regular update of the software and hardware. There is also a need to conduct a regular training program for the healthcare staff. Providing proper incentives for the operation adaption of health information system tools is also needed. Qualified health professionals are needed. Policy framework and recommendation must be centralised according to the data policies across all the regions which help in strengthening the public. Moreover implementing the strict criteria of encryption and protection standards helps to mitigate the security measures. Regular audits and testing help to detect vulnerabilities (Cascini & Ricciardi, 2025).

References

Alsalman, D., Alumran, A., Alrayes, S., Althumairi, A., Almubarak, S., Alrawiai, S., Alakrawi, Z., Hariri, B., & Alanzi, T. (2021). Implementation status of health information systems in hospitals in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 22(22), 100499.

Balgrosky, J. A. (2019). Understanding Health Information Systems for the Health Professions. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Cascini, F., & Ricciardi, W. (2025). Governance models of health information systems. Research Handbook on Health Information Systems, 134–155.